CloudFormation / CDK / Bicep
Also written as AWS CloudFormation, CloudFormation, AWS CDK, Cloud Development Kit, Azure Bicep, Bicep, ARM Templates
The cloud providers' own infrastructure-as-code tools. CloudFormation (AWS) and Bicep or ARM templates (Azure) describe servers, networks and databases in files that the provider then builds. The AWS CDK lets engineers write the same thing in an ordinary programming language such as TypeScript or Python. Terraform does the same job across every cloud.
Think of it like
A building plan written in one manufacturer's own catalogue codes, rather than a generic plan any builder can read.
Junior or senior?
Common in teams that are all-in on one cloud. Moving between these and Terraform takes weeks, not months.
Senior sounds like
Has recovered from a deployment that failed halfway and can explain how they split a large setup into smaller, safer pieces.
Ask them
“What went wrong the last time a deployment failed halfway, and how did you get it back to a clean state?”